テンカワンネットワークについて
西カリマンタの豊かな森林の象徴であるテンカワンを残すために、農民、加工業者、研究者、ＮＧＯ、政府関係者、市場関係者などが集まってテンカワンネットワークを形成しています。コーディネータ―はYayasan Riak Bumiのヘリ―氏。彼はインドネシア・西カリマンタン州の野生生物保護区であるセンタルム湖があるkapuas hulu県の出身ですが、この132,000haに及ぶ湖の周りが2004年からアブラヤシのプランテーションに囲まれてしまい、湖周辺の環境が大変ダメージを受けたことを憂い（下に図があります）かつて豊かな森の象徴であったテンカワンを復活させることでオイルパームに対抗できないかと、十数年にわたってこつこつと活動を続けて来ました。
その活動の過程で彼に共鳴した研究者やＮＧＯ、各地の農民などとつながり、2016年10月に大規模なテンカワンネットワーク会議が2日間にわたって開催されました。（下に会議の開催要旨、内容、メンバーなどが掲載されています）日本からは私、広若のみが出席。私はヘリ―や彼の考えに共鳴しているインドネシアの友人たちと90年代はじめからの友人で、最初は炭やきの技術協力から始まり、奨学金事業や衛生環境改善事業、森林調査、エコツアーなどを共同で実施して来ました。今もその友人の一人であるジョニーから持ち掛けられたココナッツシュガーの輸入販売による奨学金支援事業は継続しており、今年で20年になります。このテンカワンの話が私に持ち掛けられたのは、このオイルが売れなければ全ては始まらないので、販売の可能性を日本で探ってくれないか、という理由によるものです。20年以上前に彼らとテンカワンを植えたことはありますが、すっかり忘れていた私は当初面喰いましたが、オイルパームプランテーションがすごい勢いで奥地に入り込み、現地の森林や社会を大きく変えてしまっていることを知っていたため、できることはやろうじゃないか、という思いで参加することにしました。
2日間のセッションでは政府関係者、農民代表、林学研究者、環境NGO、企業関係者などから報告があり、政府としても非木材林産物の開発・龍柱を積極的に後押しする姿勢であることや、農民や研究者の尽力により各地のテンカワンの生育データ、結実データがかなり揃ってきていること、様々なNGOが荒廃地の緑化のためにテンカワンの植林を進めていること、テンカワンオイルを流通させるための問題とその解決法などが報告され、会場は「もうこれからは前に進むしかない！」という熱気にあふれていました。
会議の最後にこれからの活動内容と役割分担に関するディスカッションがあり、ネットワークとして地域ごとのテンカワン実の予想収穫量データをできるだけ早く完成させることや生産の効率性を上げるための研究に励むこと、インドネシア国内及び海外での市場開発を進めること、ネットワーク機能をヘリ―が中心となって確立すること、年に一回は全員を集めて討議する機会を設けること、行政や研究者とも密に連絡をとって共に進めること、などが確認されました。そして私は日本の支部として市場開拓をする役割に名乗りを上げたのでした。
2016年11月西カリマンタン州ポンティアナックで行われた会議の主要メンバー（前列右が広若）
西カリマンタン州カプアスフル県のオイルパームプランテーションの状況
赤：泥炭湿地帯 緑で囲まれた部分：センタルム湖野生生物保護区
黄色で囲まれた部分：オイルパームプランテーションの開発許可が下りているところ。PTというのは株式会社の意味。
※それぞれの場所をどの会社が開発許可を持っているかが分かる。オイルパームプランテーションを始める時は邪魔な草木を取り払うためまず野焼きをするが、その火が泥炭に移ると中々鎮火せず、地中でずっと燃え続け、温暖化ガスの主要排出源とも言われている。
2nd WORKSHOP OF TENGKAWANG KALIMANTAN NETWORK
Pontianak, 31 October – 1 November 2016
Keywords: Policy, Organizing, Production, Marketing, Conservation and Research Tengkawang
Background
Tengkawang or Illipe Nuts as an endemic plantation is one of the main products come from Kalimantan forest. The Tengkawang is Shorea sp genus where it fruit has high economic value and as one of the main non-timber forest product for vegetable fat material. Traditionally, Tengkawang is use for cooking oil, lamp oil and medicine ingredient. In the industry sector, Tengkawang is use for cosmetic material, substitute of chocolate to produce white chocolate.
Temporary data collected in Tengkawang network meeting on 4 – 5 August 2016 at Pontianak showed that potential Tengkawang in West Kalimantan especially from Kapuas Hulu, Sintang and Melawi districts in harvesting season from 2011 and 2014 achieved at least 5.500. In 1998, Kalimantan was export 50.000 ton Tengkawang fruits to some countries. From harvesting calendar, we receive information there are harvesting Tengkawang every year in whole districts of West Kalimantan. Even though different of time and place of harvesting. In Bengkayang district for example there is one type of Tengkawang could harvesting each year.
By large potential it will have good opportunity to develop Tengkawang in the future. From economic sector it could be an alternative income to local community. In environment sector it could be used to protect other plantation. It fruit also food source for wild animal and used to prevent erosion because mostly it grow in the riverbanks. For example, in once harvesting at 20 villages in Kapuas Hulu, the community could collect 390 ton it fruits from 5.267 trees in 354 hectare areas1. It could be imagine if we could encourage more community to involve in protecting and managing forest Tengkawang the future. Thus, it will become a movement together to protect remaining forest in Indonesia.
From policy aspect there are some rules issued by government, it arise because of in some area Tengkawang tree starting to extinct. It make that tree include as protected trees. In 1972 there was a decree from Agriculture Ministry number 54/KPTS/UM/2/1972 related to type of Shorea sp. Government regulation of Indonesia Republic number 7, 1999 mentioned types of protected tree which one of them is Tengkawang. In Indonesia there are 13 types of Tengkawang tree and 10 of them are located in Kalimantan and other three is in Sumatera.
Trade Minister Regulation number 44/M-DAG/PER/7/2012 related to prohibited goods export include Tengkawang seed which categories as raw material. It make some people is disagree with this regulation. However, it regulation also create a chance for community and various parties who concern to develop into end product for example oil/butter, soap, cosmetic, chocolate and other product which could be marketing inside and outside Indonesia.
Currently there is an initiative effort from government to develop primary non-timber forest product including Tengkawang. Initiative from NGOs to develop Tengkawang and other product such as restoration Tengkawang, produce into oil, other diversification such as soap, chocolate and food material. Beside that there are some researches from university, research institutes inside and outside country related to Tengkawang. However, that initiative are running by their own. So based on that experiences, it good for us to share experiences, information and data through this Tengkawang network.
As follow up from first Tengkawang network meeting held on 4 -5 August 2016 related to initiative Tengkawang network of Kalimantan and sharing experiences among stakeholders. Thus, Forestry Agency of West Kalimantan collaborative with Forestry Agency of Kapuas Hulu district and institution which concern to Tengkawang in West Kalimantan conducting a 2nd workshop of Tengkawang network. This workshop will be involving many stakeholders including research institution and marketing as support developing Tengkawang in the future.
Goal:
1. Sharing experiences toward initiative of Tengkawang development
2. Gathering information of potential production and marketing Tengkawang opportunity
3. Sharing knowledge of result study toward Tengkawang
4. Establish organization structure and action planning of Kalimantan Tengkawang network
Time and Venue:
· Time: Monday and Tuesday, 31 October-1 November 2016
· Venue: Hotel Borneo Pontianak
· Address: Jalan Merdeka Barat No 428, Mariana, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat.
Contact Person:
· Valentinus Heri; 081258375212 email: herivalens@yahoo.com
· Deasy Rinayanti Pelealu 085245140404 email:dcdeasy.26@gmail.com
Tentative Agenda
|
Time |
Agenda |
PIC |
|
31 October 2016 |
|
|
|
|
· Opening speech by organizing committee |
Organizing committee |
|
|
· Opening remarks by head of Forestry Agency of West Kalimantan province |
KADISHUT Prov KalBar |
|
|
· Presentation of policy aspect and programme related to tengkawang development |
DISHUTPROV, DISBUNHUT Kapuas Hulu |
|
|
· Presentation initiative Tengkawang development |
|
|
|
o Development in Kapuas hulu |
WWF, PRCF, RB, FFI |
|
|
o Development in Bengkayang |
PRCF, LPS-AIR, |
|
|
o Development in Sintang |
Yayasan Masarang, |
|
|
o Development in Ketapang |
Aid Environment |
|
|
· Update information of potential production in West Kalimantan |
All participants |
|
01 November 2016 |
|
|
|
|
· Presentation of potential marketing |
DNJ, MARTHA TILAAR, |
|
|
· Presentation of result study of Tengkawang |
UNTAN, Research Center for Dipterocarp, CIFOR |
|
|
· Set up organization structure of Tengkawang network |
Network members |
|
|
· Activity and action plan programme of Tengkawang network |
Network members |
|
|
· Closing |
|
|
|
o Report from organizing committee |
Organizing committee |
|
|
o Closing remark workshop |
KADISHUTPROV |
List of Participants
|
Name |
Institution |
Place |
Person |
|
International |
|
|
|
|
Jenne De Beer |
Yayasan Riak Bumi |
Philippine |
1 |
|
Zephirin Mouloungui |
Tengkawang Senior Researcher |
France |
1 |
|
Hirowaka |
International Charcoal Cooperative Association |
Japan |
1 |
|
|
Straits Wholefoods |
Singapore |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic |
|
|
|
|
Eric Wakker |
Aid Environment |
Bogor |
1 |
|
Ita Natalia |
Aid Environment |
Bogor |
1 |
|
Anke Hilgholt |
Aid Environment |
Bogor |
1 |
|
Nuning S. Barwa |
Martha Tilaar |
Jakarta |
1 |
|
Cecielia Suwarsa |
PT. Palko Sari Eka |
Jakarta |
1 |
|
Anton Tanubrata |
Privat Sector |
Jakarta |
1 |
|
Willy Wijaya |
Pengusaha Cocoa Butter |
Jakarta |
1 |
|
Adrian Fernandes |
Dipterocarps Research Center (B2PD) |
Samarinda |
1 |
|
Risky Maharani |
Dipterocarps Research Center (B2PD) |
Samarinda |
1 |
|
Jhonny Utama |
Dian Niaga Jakarta |
Jakarta |
1 |
|
Ojom Sumantri. S.Hut, M.Sc |
PSKL Kalimantan |
Banjarmasin |
1 |
|
Linda Yuliani |
CIFOR |
Bogor |
1 |
|
Yusupta Tarigan |
NTFP Exchange Program Indonesia |
Bogor |
1 |
|
Natasya Mulandari |
NTFP Exchange Program Indonesia/Dian Niaga |
Bogor |
1 |
|
Agus Wiastono |
CSR PT. Bumi Tama |
Jakarta |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Local |
|
|
|
|
Ir. Boy D.R. Manuputty |
Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Ir. Galuh Januarti, M.Si |
Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Setiyo Haryani. S.Hut, M.Env |
Dinas Kehutanan Propinsi |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Ir. Imam Mulyo Suyono, M.Si |
BPHP Wilayah VIII Pontianak |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
|
Balai KSDA Propinsi Kalimantan Barat |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Jumtani. S.Hut,M.Si |
Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan |
Putussibau |
1 |
|
Ari Sulistyo. S.Hut.M.Sc |
BPDAS-Kapuas Kalimantan Barat |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Dr.Ir. Gusti Hardiansyah, M.Sc |
Universitas Tanjung Pura |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Augustine Lumangkung |
Universitas Tanjung Pura |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Dr. Ir. Yohana SK Dewi MP |
Universitas Tanjung Pura |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Prof. Dr. Faradiba |
Universitas Tanjung Pura |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Haryono Sadikin |
Aid Environment |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Annas Nasrullah |
WWF Kalimantan Barat |
Putussibau |
1 |
|
Faiza Libby Lubis |
WWF Kalimantan Barat |
Putussibau |
1 |
|
Imanul Huda |
PRCF Indonesia |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Muhammad Syamsuri |
PRCF Indonesia |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Deman Huri |
LPS-Air |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Ahmad Sofian |
LPS-Air |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Dirk-Jan Oudshoorn |
Yayasan Masarang |
Sintang |
1 |
|
Alexandra |
Yayasan Masarang |
Sintang |
1 |
|
Valentinus Heri |
Yayasan Riak Bumi |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
|
CU Keling Kumang |
Sintang |
1 |
|
Eko Darmawan |
Fauna & Flora International |
Putussibau |
1 |
|
Rudijanta Utama |
Yayasan Dian Tama |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Irawan Sihombing |
Perkumpulan Kaban |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
Ismet Khaeruddin |
GIZ FORCLIME |
Pontianak |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Communities |
|
|
|
|
Nadu |
Kelompok tengkawang |
Bengkayang |
1 |
|
|
Kelompok tengkawang |
Bengkayang |
1 |
|
Jabun |
Komunitas Tengkawang Mensiau |
Kapuas Hulu |
1 |
|
|
Komunitas Tengkawang Labian Iraang |
Kapuas Hulu |
4 |
|
Andi Mangkurat |
Masyarakat Pengolah Tengkawang |
Sintang |
1 |
|
Astomo |
Masyarakat Pengolah Tengkawang |
Sintang |
1 |
|
|
Masyarakat Tengkawang Boyan Tanjung |
Kapuas Hulu |
1 |
|
|
Masyarakat dampingan PRCF |
Kapuas Hulu |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
57 |